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International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
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WBTK: a New Set of Microbenchmarks to Explore Memory System Performance for Scientific Computing

W. Jalby

PRISM LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF VERSAILLES, FRANCE

C. Lemuet

PRISM LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF VERSAILLES, FRANCE

X. Le Pasteur

PRISM LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF VERSAILLES, FRANCE

Memory hierarchies are a key component in obtaining high performance on modern microprocessors. To satisfy the ever-increasing demand on data rate access, they are also becoming increasingly complex: multilevel caches, non-blocking caches, sophisticated instructions for supporting prefetch and cache control, etc. If all of these advanced features promise to offer large performance gains, they also generate in some cases performance "anomalies" (i.e. bad performance triggered by specific code patterns). For precisely locating and understanding these anomalies, a new set of microbenchmarks called WBTK is introduced. We show through systematic experimentation on Alpha 21264, Power4 and Itanium1 that this microbenchmark first allowed us to detect most of the anomalies encountered on simple BLAS1 type codes. Secondly, it led us to demonstrate that vectorization of memory access was an efficient workaround for most of these anomalies.

Key Words: Micro-benchmarking • performance evaluation • memory hierarchy • cache • out of order processing • compiler optimization • vector loops

International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, Vol. 18, No. 2, 211-224 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/1094342004038945
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